接下来应该介绍应付部分,但我总觉得缺少点什么,思考了一下终于觉得应该在总结应付流程前,先说一下合同管理部分,希望对大家有帮助,如果大家觉得简单可以直接略过,谢谢!
合同(tong)主要分为(wei)采购类合(he)同、销售类合(he)同、其他合(he)同。
购合同和(he)(he)销(xiao)售合同分别与(yu)采购订(ding)单(dan)和(he)(he)销(xiao)售订(ding)单(dan)建立对应关系,通过采购订(ding)单(dan)和(he)(he)销(xiao)售订(ding)单(dan)的(de)管(guan)理(li)可(ke)以(yi)有效(xiao)的(de)监督采购合同及销(xiao)售合同的(de)执行(xing)情况。
在我接触的电商系统中采购合同管理核心,也是采购部与财务特别重视的,因为这部分与应付管理关联密切;对于销售合同一般对应大客户模块,是应收管理中的一部分。
在前(qian)面(mian)的应收管(guan)理中对于大客户的赊(she)销仅仅简单(dan)提(ti)了一(yi)下,后续(xu)关(guan)于大客户的赊(she)销会(hui)单(dan)独介绍。
采(cai)购合(he)同又分为几(ji)种即经销合(he)同、代销合(he)同、联营合(he)同,这几(ji)种属于(yu)自营的范畴。
【经销(xiao)(xiao)】:是(shi)指零售(shou)商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)从供应(ying)商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)如购(gou)买货品,根据(ju)采购(gou)货品的价(jia)格(ge)与供应(ying)商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)进行(xing)结(jie)算,商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)品售(shou)价(jia)权是(shi)公司(si)(si)确(que)定(ding)(ding);【代(dai)销(xiao)(xiao)】:是(shi)指零售(shou)商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)接受(shou)供应(ying)商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)的委托,代(dai)理(li)销(xiao)(xiao)售(shou)商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)品并(bing)按(an)照(zhao)所代(dai)销(xiao)(xiao)商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)品的销(xiao)(xiao)售(shou)数量(liang)和成本或(huo)(huo)结(jie)算价(jia)向供应(ying)商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)进行(xing)结(jie)算,商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)品售(shou)价(jia)格(ge)是(shi)公司(si)(si)确(que)定(ding)(ding);【联(lian)营】:是(shi)指零售(shou)商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)接受(shou)供应(ying)商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)的委托,代(dai)理(li)销(xiao)(xiao)售(shou)商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)品并(bing)按(an)照(zhao)所代(dai)销(xiao)(xiao)商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)品的销(xiao)(xiao)售(shou)数量(liang)和销(xiao)(xiao)售(shou)金额向供应(ying)商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)进行(xing)结(jie)算,同时(shi)收(shou)取佣金收(shou)入,商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)品定(ding)(ding)价(jia)权是(shi)供应(ying)商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)确(que)定(ding)(ding)或(huo)(huo)双方协定(ding)(ding)。
还有一种合同是平台商家合同,这个与采购类的联营合同有些相似,但是对于平台商品,零售商只是提供平台及相关的审核机制(保证商品符合国家售卖标准,不侵犯购买用户的利益),像天猫、京东等大平台非自营的都属于平台商家。
在(zai)电商(shang)中对(dui)于采购类与(yu)平台商(shang)家(jia)合(he)同相对(dui)来说(shuo)是主(zhu)要(yao)的,在(zai)分销(xiao)企业中则销(xiao)售合(he)同是主(zhu)要(yao)的;
这里涉及(ji)到建立销售合(he)同,然后(hou)根据(ju)合(he)同的(de)行(xing)项目(mu)生(sheng)成销售订单(dan),合(he)同收(shou)款等等(我曾(ceng)经在一(yi)家分销企业中参(can)与并维护OracleERP),这里对于合(he)同的(de)控制要求极为严(yan)格,有兴趣的(de)可(ke)以(yi)找找相关资料看看。
合(he)(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)录入后(hou)(hou)经过(guo)审(shen)批(pi)后(hou)(hou)正(zheng)常执行(xing),此(ci)(ci)时(shi)(shi)无论(lun)是(shi)(shi)(shi)采购(gou)合(he)(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)还是(shi)(shi)(shi)销(xiao)售(shou)(shou)合(he)(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)都按合(he)(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)规(gui)定的(de)(de)(de)条款(kuan)进行(xing);合(he)(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)审(shen)批(pi):审(shen)核合(he)(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)基本条款(kuan)、补充协(xie)议等(deng)(deng)信(xin)息(xi),审(shen)核通过(guo)后(hou)(hou)的(de)(de)(de)合(he)(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)开始执行(xing);合(he)(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)执行(xing):在(zai)此(ci)(ci)期间可以进行(xing)采购(gou)进货、销(xiao)售(shou)(shou)出库(面向大(da)宗客户(hu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)需(xu)(xu)(xu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)销(xiao)售(shou)(shou)合(he)(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de));合(he)(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)预警:当合(he)(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)将到(dao)(dao)期时(shi)(shi)要(yao)(yao)(yao)有提醒机制(zhi),以便给业务部(bu)门或财务部(bu)门提供相(xiang)关的(de)(de)(de)处理时(shi)(shi)间(如采购(gou)的(de)(de)(de)风(feng)险(xian)控(kong)制(zhi)、销(xiao)售(shou)(shou)的(de)(de)(de)控(kong)制(zhi)以及应收(shou)应付的(de)(de)(de)结(jie)算等(deng)(deng));合(he)(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)变(bian)更(geng)(geng):此(ci)(ci)部(bu)分(fen)是(shi)(shi)(shi)合(he)(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)执行(xing)过(guo)程(cheng)中比较重(zhong)要(yao)(yao)(yao)的(de)(de)(de)一个环节(jie);尤(you)其随着业务变(bian)化(hua)有时(shi)(shi)需(xu)(xu)(xu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)变(bian)更(geng)(geng)合(he)(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)。这(zhei)里(li)变(bian)更(geng)(geng)就需(xu)(xu)(xu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)有合(he)(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)变(bian)更(geng)(geng)协(xie)议,在(zai)系统设计(ji)(ji)过(guo)程(cheng)中此(ci)(ci)部(bu)分(fen)也是(shi)(shi)(shi)非常复杂的(de)(de)(de);合(he)(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)终止(zhi):当合(he)(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)到(dao)(dao)期终止(zhi)后(hou)(hou),是(shi)(shi)(shi)续签(qian)还是(shi)(shi)(shi)停止(zhi)合(he)(he)(he)作。续签(qian)则(ze)需(xu)(xu)(xu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)重(zhong)新(xin)(xin)建立新(xin)(xin)合(he)(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong),在(zai)系统设计(ji)(ji)中应该根据(ju)合(he)(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)模板(ban)复制(zhi)原合(he)(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)相(xiang)关信(xin)息(xi),根据(ju)新(xin)(xin)的(de)(de)(de)业务情况进行(xing)修正(zheng)后(hou)(hou)产生新(xin)(xin)的(de)(de)(de)合(he)(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)编号(hao)。
终止(zhi)合(he)作,需要进行的(de)(de)工作包(bao)括有供(gong)应商(shang)清算(suan)、销售客户的(de)(de)应收(shou)款清算(suan);对于类(lei)似于商(shang)家平台类(lei)合(he)同,还需要及时下架商(shang)家的(de)(de)商(shang)品停止(zhi)售卖;此(ci)部分在系统设计(ji)中如果做的(de)(de)尽善(shan)尽美也是(shi)比较复杂的(de)(de)。
合同中最重(zhong)要的部分即合同信息,此部分以(yi)采购类合同进行简单(dan)说明,它(ta)包(bao)括的内容如下图:
合同主体重(zhong)要信息说明:
合同(tong)生(sheng)效(xiao)时(shi)间:即合同(tong)开始(shi)与(yu)结(jie)(jie)束时(shi)间,录入(ru)合同(tong)时(shi)这(zhei)(zhei)两个时(shi)间要(yao)确(que)定,系统中(zhong)可(ke)以(yi)保(bao)存到秒,如:2019-01-01 00:00:00至2019-06-30 23:59:59;结(jie)(jie)算(suan)(suan)(suan)方式(shi):前(qian)面有(you)提到,经销按(an)采(cai)购金额结(jie)(jie)算(suan)(suan)(suan),代销按(an)销售成本或结(jie)(jie)算(suan)(suan)(suan)价结(jie)(jie)算(suan)(suan)(suan),联营或平台商家(jia)类合同(tong)按(an)销售金额的(de)佣金扣点结(jie)(jie)算(suan)(suan)(suan);结(jie)(jie)算(suan)(suan)(suan)周期(qi):应付(fu)结(jie)(jie)算(suan)(suan)(suan)中(zhong)的(de)核心字段信(xin)(xin)息;合同(tong)账(zhang)期(qi):应付(fu)结(jie)(jie)算(suan)(suan)(suan)中(zhong)的(de)核心字段信(xin)(xin)息,即结(jie)(jie)算(suan)(suan)(suan)单生(sheng)成后(hou)(hou)+账(zhang)期(qi)=付(fu)款的(de)最(zui)(zui)后(hou)(hou)期(qi)限;质保(bao)金:质量保(bao)证金又叫保(bao)证金,在(zai)(zai)前(qian)面有(you)介绍过质保(bao)金与(yu)返(fan)还的(de)相关(guan)流(liu)程,这(zhei)(zhei)里不(bu)再赘述;平台使用费(fei):也(ye)可(ke)以(yi)称(cheng)作信(xin)(xin)息服(fu)务(wu)费(fei),是提供(gong)给(ji)商家(jia)或个人(ren)的(de)平台使用及系统支持费(fei)用,这(zhei)(zhei)属于服(fu)务(wu)收(shou)入(ru)。在(zai)(zai)财务(wu)账(zhang)务(wu)中(zhong)可(ke)以(yi)一(yi)次收(shou)取(qu)一(yi)年的(de)服(fu)务(wu)费(fei),然后(hou)(hou)按(an)月(yue)分摊(tan)在(zai)(zai)各个月(yue)中(zhong),在(zai)(zai)当月(yue)确(que)认收(shou)入(ru)同(tong)时(shi)开服(fu)务(wu)类发票给(ji)商家(jia)或个人(ren);返(fan)点:关(guan)于返(fan)点相对(dui)比较复杂,最(zui)(zui)常见的(de)是采(cai)用阶梯返(fan)点的(de)方式(shi)在(zai)(zai)结(jie)(jie)算(suan)(suan)(suan)时(shi)通过抵扣货(huo)款方式(shi)进行(xing)。补充协议:
这里的(de)(de)合(he)同(tong)补充协(xie)议主(zhu)要(yao)是针对合(he)同(tong)管理流程(cheng)中的(de)(de)“合(he)同(tong)变更(geng)”,因为在实际的(de)(de)合(he)作过程(cheng)中,难免会出现合(he)同(tong)变更(geng),所(suo)以系(xi)统(tong)中需要(yao)支持,我的(de)(de)考虑如下:
补充(chong)协(xie)(xie)议必须(xu)依赖于合(he)同(tong)主(zhu)体(ti),不能脱离(li)合(he)同(tong)主(zhu)体(ti)的框(kuang)架如(ru)补充(chong)协(xie)(xie)议的生(sheng)(sheng)效时间(jian)必须(xu)在合(he)同(tong)主(zhu)体(ti)的有(you)效时间(jian)内(nei);变(bian)更的内(nei)容需要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)与(yu)(yu)业务确认,尽量不要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)增加系统的难度(du);补充(chong)协(xie)(xie)义的审(shen)核(he)机(ji)制应该与(yu)(yu)合(he)同(tong)主(zhu)体(ti)的审(shen)核(he)流(liu)程相(xiang)同(tong)或(huo)者更严(yan)格;预(yu)警机(ji)制:如(ru)平台商家(jia)合(he)同(tong)执行过程中在店庆或(huo)双节期(qi)(qi)间(jian)商家(jia)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)做一些促销活动,需要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)调整佣金收(shou)入(ru)的佣金率等,这(zhei)里(li)录入(ru)补充(chong)协(xie)(xie)议后(hou)需要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)及时审(shen)核(he)生(sheng)(sheng)效,到(dao)期(qi)(qi)后(hou)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)及时变(bian)更为正常的佣金率。此(ci)部分(fen)需要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)合(he)同(tong)能够发些站内(nei)消息(xi)、邮件、短信等给商家(jia)与(yu)(yu)公司的相(xiang)关业务人员。
最后(hou)总结,本篇介绍的合同也是比较粗(cu)的,具(ju)体(ti)在(zai)设(she)计过(guo)程中需要结合实际业务进行细化,希望通过(guo)简单的了解(jie),能够为我们后(hou)续设(she)计开(kai)发(fa)合同管理模块有(you)所(suo)帮(bang)助,感谢(xie)您的阅读!
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